Espero en corto tiempo poder aprender mas de ingles y llegar a ser una exelente Ingeniera bilingues! ya que en la ingeniería se utiliza mucho este idioma.
lunes, 9 de agosto de 2010
Reflexión Final del Curso
Espero en corto tiempo poder aprender mas de ingles y llegar a ser una exelente Ingeniera bilingues! ya que en la ingeniería se utiliza mucho este idioma.
sábado, 7 de agosto de 2010
Biografia
CHRIS A. HANSEN, P.E.Assistant Surgeon General
Rear Admiral, USPHS (ret.)
Chris A. Hansen was born on September 17, 1915 in Guelph, North Dakota. His career included service as a county engineer, a state level engineer, as a Public Health Service (PHS) Commissioned Corps officer, and as Vice President of Georgetown University. While a PHS officer, he contributed to major segments of the Service including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from its beginnings as the Malaria Control in War Areas program, the National institutes of Health, and the several PHS organizational units containing the environmental health programs of the Service.
After graduation from undergraduate school, Hansen worked for a short time as a county engineer in Dickey County, North Dakota and then moved to Georgia where he served for three years as a public health engineer in a joint program with the Fulton County Health Department and the Georgia State Health Department in Atlanta, Georgia.
In July 1937 in Albany, Georgia, Chris Hansen married Mary Elizabeth Runice of Fargo, North Dakota. They had two daughters Elizabeth and Kristie. Mary Hanson passed away in 1992.
Hansen was commissioned as a PHS engineer in May of 1941 and then took a leave of absence in June of 1941 to attend graduate school at the University of North Carolina. He returned to active duty as a sanitary engineer in Atlanta, Georgia in June of 1942 shortly after the beginning of World War II, and was assigned to the Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) program, a predecessor organization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The MCWA was directed to developing mosquito-free zones within a one-mile radius around each military and industrial establishment serving the war effort in fifteen southeastern states, as well as California, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U. S. related Caribbean areas. The program was later assigned responsibility for control of dengue, typhus, and other communicable diseases.
http://www.usphsengineers.org/History/Bio/C_Hansen.htm
Final Proyect
Parte A.
Organizational management and leadership
Marketing management may spend a fair amount of time building or maintaining a marketing orientation for the business. Achieving a market orientation, also known as "customer focus" or the "marketing concept", requires building consensus at the senior management level and then driving customer focus down into the organization. Cultural barriers may exist in a given business unit or functional area that the marketing manager must address in order to achieve this goal. Additionally, marketing executives often act as a "brand champion" and work to enforce corporate identity standards across the enterprise.
In larger organizations, especially those with multiple business units, top marketing managers may need to coordinate across several marketing departments and also resources from finance, research and development, engineering, operations, manufacturing, or other functional areas to implement the marketing plan. In order to effectively manage these resources, marketing executives may need to spend much of their time focused on political issues and inte-departmental negotiations.
Palabras de contenido
Palabras de función
Verbos
Advervio
Adjetivo
Artículo
Preposiciones
Conjunción
Cognados Verdaderos
Cognados falsos
1. (5 palabras desconocidas del texto):
amount: n. cantidad
maintaini: vt. mantener
customer: n. cliente
enforce: vt. aplicar
spend: vt. gastar
2. Tiempos verbales:
maintaining: Gerundio
driving: Gerundio
work: Presente simple
3. Idea principal del texto:
El texto trata sobre el tiempo que emplea la gerencia de mercadeo en tener una idea y orientación de mercado, tambien dice que el mercadeo se puede emplear en la ingenieria, finanzas, manofacturas, etc.
Parte B
Estructura de la oración.
Three Cultures of Management: The Key to Organizational Learning
• Autores: Edgar H. Schein
• Localización: Sloan management review, ISSN 0019-848X, Vol. 38, Nº. 1, 1996 , pags. 9-20
• Resumen:
o Why do so many organizations fail to learn? According to Schein, organizational learning failures may be caused, not by resistance to change, human nature, or poor leadership, but by the lack of communication among three "cultures." The culture of operators evolves locally in an organization or unit and is based on human interaction. Operators may use their learning ability to thwart management's efforts to improve productivity. The engineering culture represents the design elements of the technology underlying the organization and how the technology is to be used. Engineers, whose reference group is outside the organization, share common educational, work, and job experiences. They are preoccupied with designing humans out of systems rather than into them. The executive culture revolves around maintaining an organization's financial health and deals with boards, investors, and capital markets. As executives, whose reference group is also outside the organization, are promoted, they become more impersonal, seeing people more as a cost than as a capital investment. When organizations attempt to redesign or reinvent themselves, says Schein, the cultures collide and failure occurs. Executives and engineers are task focused and assume that people are the problem. Executives band together and depersonalize their employees. Executives and engineers can't agree on how to make organizations work better while keeping costs down. Enough mutual understanding must be created among the cultures to evolve solutions that all groups can commit to. First, says the author, we must recognize the concept of culture. Next we must acknowledge that engineers or executives alone cannot solve problems, but must work together. Third, we must conduct cross-cultural dialogues. Each culture must learn how to learn and to analyze its own culture
Frase nominal
Frase verbal
Nucleo
Parte C.
Estrategias de lectura:
Leadership is stated as the "process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task."[1] Definitions more inclusive of followers have also emerged. Alan Keith stated that, "Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen."[2] Tom DeMarco says that leadership needs to be distinguished from posturing.[3]
The following sections discuss several important aspects of leadership including a description of what leadership is and a description of several popular theories and styles of leadership. This article also discusses topics such as the role of emotions and vision, as well as leadership effectiveness and performance, leadership in different contexts, how it may differ from related concepts (i.e., management), and some critiques of leadership as generally conceived.
http://www.google.co.ve/search?hl=es&q=leadership&um=1&biw=1259&bih=823&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw
Palabras claves:
Leadership
Definitions
is ultimately
important
Palabras que se repiten:
Leadership
also
Organizational management and leadership
Marketing management may spend a fair amount of time building or maintaining a marketing orientation for the business. Achieving a market orientation, also known as "customer focus" or the "marketing concept", requires building consensus at the senior management level and then driving customer focus down into the organization. Cultural barriers may exist in a given business unit or functional area that the marketing manager must address in order to achieve this goal. Additionally, marketing executives often act as a "brand champion" and work to enforce corporate identity standards across the enterprise.
In larger organizations, especially those with multiple business units, top marketing managers may need to coordinate across several marketing departments and also resources from finance, research and development, engineering, operations, manufacturing, or other functional areas to implement the marketing plan. In order to effectively manage these resources, marketing executives may need to spend much of their time focused on political issues and inte-departmental negotiations.
Palabras de contenido
Palabras de función
Verbos
Advervio
Adjetivo
Artículo
Preposiciones
Conjunción
Cognados Verdaderos
Cognados falsos
1. (5 palabras desconocidas del texto):
amount: n. cantidad
maintaini: vt. mantener
customer: n. cliente
enforce: vt. aplicar
spend: vt. gastar
2. Tiempos verbales:
maintaining: Gerundio
driving: Gerundio
work: Presente simple
3. Idea principal del texto:
El texto trata sobre el tiempo que emplea la gerencia de mercadeo en tener una idea y orientación de mercado, tambien dice que el mercadeo se puede emplear en la ingenieria, finanzas, manofacturas, etc.
Parte B
Estructura de la oración.
Three Cultures of Management: The Key to Organizational Learning
• Autores: Edgar H. Schein
• Localización: Sloan management review, ISSN 0019-848X, Vol. 38, Nº. 1, 1996 , pags. 9-20
• Resumen:
o Why do so many organizations fail to learn? According to Schein, organizational learning failures may be caused, not by resistance to change, human nature, or poor leadership, but by the lack of communication among three "cultures." The culture of operators evolves locally in an organization or unit and is based on human interaction. Operators may use their learning ability to thwart management's efforts to improve productivity. The engineering culture represents the design elements of the technology underlying the organization and how the technology is to be used. Engineers, whose reference group is outside the organization, share common educational, work, and job experiences. They are preoccupied with designing humans out of systems rather than into them. The executive culture revolves around maintaining an organization's financial health and deals with boards, investors, and capital markets. As executives, whose reference group is also outside the organization, are promoted, they become more impersonal, seeing people more as a cost than as a capital investment. When organizations attempt to redesign or reinvent themselves, says Schein, the cultures collide and failure occurs. Executives and engineers are task focused and assume that people are the problem. Executives band together and depersonalize their employees. Executives and engineers can't agree on how to make organizations work better while keeping costs down. Enough mutual understanding must be created among the cultures to evolve solutions that all groups can commit to. First, says the author, we must recognize the concept of culture. Next we must acknowledge that engineers or executives alone cannot solve problems, but must work together. Third, we must conduct cross-cultural dialogues. Each culture must learn how to learn and to analyze its own culture
Frase nominal
Frase verbal
Nucleo
Parte C.
Estrategias de lectura:
The following sections discuss several important aspects of leadership including a description of what leadership is and a description of several popular theories and styles of leadership. This article also discusses topics such as the role of emotions and vision, as well as leadership effectiveness and performance, leadership in different contexts, how it may differ from related concepts (i.e., management), and some critiques of leadership as generally conceived.
http://www.google.co.ve/search?hl=es&q=leadership&um=1&biw=1259&bih=823&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw
Palabras claves:
Leadership
Definitions
is ultimately
important
Palabras que se repiten:
Leadership
also
Unidad 3. Técnicas de Lectura
Basic functions of management
Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring.
• Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action.
• Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.
• Staffing: Job Analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs.
• Leading/Directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it.
• Controlling/Monitoring: Checking progress against plans.
• Motivation : Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation employee cannot work effectively. If motivation doesn't takes place in an organization then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top level management).
PREGUNTAS:
¿ Cual cree usted que es el topico que esta a punto de leer?
observando la imagen, es un hombre ejecutivo, con buena presencia, me da la impreción que se va a hablar de los buenos ejecutivos o gerentes.
¿Cual es la idea general del texto?
Descripcion de las funciones básicas de los gerentes.
¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
various
functions
future
action
individuals
situation
Motivation
organization
Las palabras en negrita son:
Basic functions of management. (titulo)
Planning, Organizing, Staffing ( sub titulos)
Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring.• Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.
• Staffing: Job Analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs.
• Leading/Directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it.
• Controlling/Monitoring: Checking progress against plans.
• Motivation : Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation employee cannot work effectively. If motivation doesn't takes place in an organization then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top level management).
PREGUNTAS:
¿ Cual cree usted que es el topico que esta a punto de leer?
observando la imagen, es un hombre ejecutivo, con buena presencia, me da la impreción que se va a hablar de los buenos ejecutivos o gerentes.
¿Cual es la idea general del texto?
Descripcion de las funciones básicas de los gerentes.
¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
various
functions
future
action
individuals
situation
Motivation
organization
Las palabras en negrita son:
Basic functions of management. (titulo)
Planning, Organizing, Staffing ( sub titulos)
Unidad 2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Innovation management
Innovation management is the discipline of managing processes in innovation. It can be used to develop both product and organizational innovation. Without proper processes, it is not possible for R&D to be efficient; innovation management includes a set of tools that allow managers and engineers to cooperate with a common understanding of goals and processes. The focus of innovation management is to allow the organization to respond to an external or internal opportunity, and use its creative efforts to introduce new ideas, processes or products.[1] Importantly, innovation management is not relegated to R&D; it involves workers at every level in contributing creatively to a company's development, manufacturing, and marketing. By utilizing appropriate innovation management tools, management can trigger and deploy the creative juices of the whole work force towards the continuous development of a company.
Frase nominal
Frase verbal
Nucleo
Verbo
Jump to: navigation, search
Innovation management
Innovation management is the discipline of managing processes in innovation. It can be used to develop both product and organizational innovation. Without proper processes, it is not possible for R&D to be efficient; innovation management includes a set of tools that allow managers and engineers to cooperate with a common understanding of goals and processes. The focus of innovation management is to allow the organization to respond to an external or internal opportunity, and use its creative efforts to introduce new ideas, processes or products.[1] Importantly, innovation management is not relegated to R&D; it involves workers at every level in contributing creatively to a company's development, manufacturing, and marketing. By utilizing appropriate innovation management tools, management can trigger and deploy the creative juices of the whole work force towards the continuous development of a company.
Frase nominal
Frase verbal
Nucleo
Verbo
Unidad 1.
UNIDAD Nº 1, (TAREA Nº 1)
Input Management of Production Systems
EUGENE P. ODUM 1
Callaway Professor of Ecology Emeritus and director emeritus of the Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Nonpoint sources of pollution, which are largely responsible for stressing regional and global life-supporting atmosphere, soil, and water, can only be reduced (and ultimately controlled) by input management that involves increasing the efficiency of production systems and reducing the inputs of environmentally damaging materials. Input management requires a major change, an about-face, in the approach to management of agriculture, power plants, and industries because the focus is on waste reduction and recycling rather than on waste disposal. For large-scale ecosystem-level situations a top-down hierarchical approach is suggested and illustrated by recent research in agroecology and landscape ecology.
Adjective
Substantive
Cognado
Conjunción
Preposición
Sufijos
Prefijos
Input Management of Production Systems
EUGENE P. ODUM 1
Callaway Professor of Ecology Emeritus and director emeritus of the Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Nonpoint sources of pollution, which are largely responsible for stressing regional and global life-supporting atmosphere, soil, and water, can only be reduced (and ultimately controlled) by input management that involves increasing the efficiency of production systems and reducing the inputs of environmentally damaging materials. Input management requires a major change, an about-face, in the approach to management of agriculture, power plants, and industries because the focus is on waste reduction and recycling rather than on waste disposal. For large-scale ecosystem-level situations a top-down hierarchical approach is suggested and illustrated by recent research in agroecology and landscape ecology.
Adjective
Substantive
Cognado
Conjunción
Preposición
Sufijos
Prefijos
sábado, 31 de julio de 2010
EJERCICIOS DE INGLES
MARCADORES DE DISCURSO
Ejercicio 1
Lea las siguientes definiciones y extraiga los marcadores del discurso.
a) Traditional leadership theory is narrowly concerned with top-down leadership in
large organizations.
b) Ethics refers to learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing.
c) Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process
that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.
d) The word leadership can refer to: 1. The ability "to get people to follow
voluntarily." 2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. 3. The
ability to affect human behavior so as to accomplish a mission designated by the
leader. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership, consultado el 30/06/2008
e) Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something
less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment
and well-developed wisdom. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education, consultado el
30/06/2008
f) Ontology is known as the branch of philosophy focusing upon the origins, essence
and meaning of being.
DEFINICIONES Y MARCADORES DE DISCURSO
Ejercicio 2. Lea los siguientes textos y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores
del discurso.
a) Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or
theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of
knowledge.[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James
Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).[
Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and
how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals
with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different
knowledge claims. In other words, epistemology primarily addresses the following
questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people
know?”
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology, consultado el 30/06/2008
Epistemology:
Or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of
knowledge
Marcadores de Discurso:
is
such as
deals with
In other words
b) Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous
ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one
another, have a shared history. Communication channels are the medium chosen to
convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels can be
categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
Interpersonal communication:
is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another.
Communication channels can becategorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
Marcadores de Discurso:
is defined
involve
are
categorized
c) Neuro-linguistic programming (usually shortened to NLP) is an interpersonal
communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-
created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s. It was based on the
subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular,
mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists, Fritz Perls (gestalt
therapy), Virginia Satir (family systems therapy), and eventually Milton H. Erickson
(clinical hypnosis). Bandler and Grinder aimed to discover and model the successful
patterns of behavior and communication distinguishing these exceptional individuals
from their peers. Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for
enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.
Neuro-linguistic programming:
is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy.
It was based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular, mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists.
Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.
Marcadores de Discurso:
is
was based
on
be
Ejercicio 1
Lea las siguientes definiciones y extraiga los marcadores del discurso.
a) Traditional leadership theory is narrowly concerned with top-down leadership in
large organizations.
b) Ethics refers to learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing.
c) Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process
that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.
d) The word leadership can refer to: 1. The ability "to get people to follow
voluntarily." 2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. 3. The
ability to affect human behavior so as to accomplish a mission designated by the
leader. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership, consultado el 30/06/2008
e) Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something
less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment
and well-developed wisdom. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education, consultado el
30/06/2008
f) Ontology is known as the branch of philosophy focusing upon the origins, essence
and meaning of being.
DEFINICIONES Y MARCADORES DE DISCURSO
Ejercicio 2. Lea los siguientes textos y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores
del discurso.
a) Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or
theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of
knowledge.[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James
Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).[
Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and
how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals
with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different
knowledge claims. In other words, epistemology primarily addresses the following
questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people
know?”
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology, consultado el 30/06/2008
Epistemology:
Or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of
knowledge
Marcadores de Discurso:
is
such as
deals with
In other words
b) Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous
ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one
another, have a shared history. Communication channels are the medium chosen to
convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels can be
categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
Interpersonal communication:
is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another.
Communication channels can becategorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
Marcadores de Discurso:
is defined
involve
are
categorized
c) Neuro-linguistic programming (usually shortened to NLP) is an interpersonal
communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-
created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s. It was based on the
subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular,
mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists, Fritz Perls (gestalt
therapy), Virginia Satir (family systems therapy), and eventually Milton H. Erickson
(clinical hypnosis). Bandler and Grinder aimed to discover and model the successful
patterns of behavior and communication distinguishing these exceptional individuals
from their peers. Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for
enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.
Neuro-linguistic programming:
is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy.
It was based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular, mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists.
Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.
Marcadores de Discurso:
is
was based
on
be
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